An Evaluation of Patient-Centered Nursing Interventions in Heart Failure Management in Jos University Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition that significantly impacts patients' quality of life and requires comprehensive management strategies to prevent complications and reduce mortality (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2024). Effective heart failure management requires a combination of pharmacological treatment, lifestyle modifications, and patient-centered nursing interventions. Patient-centered care emphasizes individualized approaches, focusing on patients' preferences, values, and the need for education and emotional support (Adebayo & Olumide, 2023).
In many healthcare settings, including Jos University Teaching Hospital, nurses play a pivotal role in managing heart failure by providing education, monitoring symptoms, and promoting adherence to treatment regimens. Research has shown that patient-centered interventions, such as motivational interviewing, self-management education, and emotional support, can significantly improve heart failure outcomes by reducing hospital readmissions and enhancing patients’ ability to manage their symptoms (Adeyemi et al., 2024). However, the effectiveness of these interventions in the Nigerian context, particularly in Jos, remains inadequately explored.
Statement of the Problem
Heart failure patients in Nigeria often experience poor management outcomes due to gaps in patient-centered nursing interventions. Studies suggest that a lack of individualized care and inadequate patient education contribute to poor adherence to treatment regimens and frequent hospital readmissions (Eze & Johnson, 2023). Despite the widespread use of standardized treatment protocols, the absence of patient-centered care may prevent nurses from addressing the unique needs of heart failure patients, such as emotional support, lifestyle changes, and self-care management (Bassey & Ogunleye, 2023).
This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of patient-centered nursing interventions in the management of heart failure patients at Jos University Teaching Hospital, with a focus on improving clinical outcomes and quality of life.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the types of patient-centered nursing interventions implemented in heart failure management at Jos University Teaching Hospital.
- To evaluate the impact of patient-centered interventions on heart failure outcomes such as readmission rates and symptom management.
- To explore patients’ satisfaction with nursing interventions in heart failure management.
Research Questions
- What types of patient-centered nursing interventions are implemented in heart failure management at Jos University Teaching Hospital?
- How do patient-centered nursing interventions impact heart failure management outcomes such as symptom control and hospital readmission?
- What is the level of patient satisfaction with nursing interventions in heart failure care?
Research Hypotheses
- Patient-centered nursing interventions significantly improve symptom management and reduce hospital readmission rates among heart failure patients.
- Patients who receive patient-centered care report higher satisfaction with their heart failure management.
- The type of nursing intervention is positively correlated with improved clinical outcomes in heart failure patients.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will be limited to heart failure patients treated at Jos University Teaching Hospital and will evaluate nursing interventions provided within the hospital’s cardiac care units. Limitations include variability in the application of patient-centered care and differences in patient responses.
Definitions of Terms
- Patient-Centered Nursing Interventions: Tailored nursing care strategies that focus on addressing the unique needs, preferences, and values of heart failure patients.
- Heart Failure: A chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to meet the body's needs, resulting in fluid retention and breathing difficulties.
- Clinical Outcomes: Measurable results of healthcare interventions, including symptom management, readmission rates, and patient quality of life.
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